attapulgite clay composition

The mixture was then heated to 50 C. for 45 minutes. Attapulgite fuses at about 1500C. In many cases the performance of surfactant-treated clays of the present invention approaches that of activated carbon and in some cases may actually exceed it. The sorbents to be tested were ground and sieved to 100% finer than 325 mesh Tyler and weighed into 250 ml. A cane sugar liquor already partly decolorized by chemical treatment was obtained from Refined Syrups and Sugars, Inc., Yonkers, N.Y. for use in the tests described hereinafter. Surface modification to make the mineral surface more organophilic by placing an organic-substituted amine or quaternary ammonium compound thereon is known. I have discovered that porous mineral substrates treated with organic-substituted quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compounds are effective sorbents for the purification of a variety of aqueous liquids. By this method contaminated liquids may be purified without the danger of exchanging one contaminant for another. surfactant/100 g. treated clay. No. Surfactant loading levels will also depend on the mineral substrate used. It is preferred to have pH within the range of 3-12, the range 5-9 being especially preferred. No. PATENTED CASE. It was used as the standard for bromocresol green decolorization. The product was found to contain 17.3% carbon by LECO carbon analysis. solution and re-filtered. Regarding the order of addition of quaternary ammonium salt and mineral, various embodiments are possible. The flasks were then shaken vigorously at 60 C. for 3 hours in a shaker bath. distilled water was prepared. Resin-type sorbents exemplified by Ambersorb XE-348 carbonaceous resin manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa., performed less well than activated carbon. The bentonite was a commercial grade, Filtrol105, 100% finer than 325 mesh Tyler. No. By practice of this invention it is possible to remove color bodies and other contaminants from some aqueous liquids more cost-effectively than by using activated carbon. Mixing times should be about 15 minutes, but normally 2-3 hours are sufficient. Surfactant treated clays have decolorizing ability dependent upon the loading level of surfactant, the substrate, and the nature of the surfactant. This treatment alone is not sufficient for the mineral to effectively remove contaminants from many contaminated aqueous liquids. The data in Table I show that an untreated minerals such LVM attapulgite, a low volatile matter clay calcined to about 5% volatile matter and 1-3% free moisture, and acid activated bentonite have virtually no decolorizing power. Higher levels may be put on, but this increases the amount of surfactant that might be leached off in use. These methods may be employed in batch or continuous processes. A relatively high surface area and a cationic exchange capacity above about 5 milliequivalents per 100 grams of sorbent is desirable. In general, light loading levels are effective with lightly contaminated liquids; heavier loadings are required for strongly contaminated liquids. water and 30 ml. Attapulgite clays are sometimes referred to as sorptive clays because they have a large surface area and can absorb and adsorb many materials. The results for various sorbents are shown below in Table III. aliquots of water and filtering. two hours or more, at 100 C. in an atmosphere containing oxygen may be detrimental. Disposable filters and manufacturing process, Oil spill flocculating agent and method of remediating oil spills, Method of removing organic contaminants from air and water with organophilic, quaternary phosphonium ion-exchanged smectite clays, Process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems using organoclays, Use of thermally treated clays in animal feeds, Clay-containing textile material treating composition and method, Clay-containing dispersing composition for carriers used in the disperse dyeing of hydrophobic textiles, Chemical methods for removing contaminants from water, Organoclay compositions for gelling unsaturated polyester resin systems, Organoclay compositions for purifying contaminated liquids and methods for making and using them, Process for treating smectite clays to facilitate exfoliation, Organoclay compositions prepared from ester quats and composites based on the compositions, Preparation of polymer nanocomposites by dispersion destabilization, Composition and method for removing metal contaminants, Removal Of Organic Pollutants From Contaminated Water, Attapulgite skin softening and moisture cream used after depilation, Skin-protection plaster after shaving of attapulgite, Modified clay sorbents with multifunctional quaternary ammonium compounds and mono-quateranry ammonium compounds and methods of sorbing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) from contaminated samples with the modified clay sorbents, Clay bodied organic liquids and a process for the preparation thereof, Process for the use of vermiculite in waste water renovation, Process for the purification of industrial effluents, Process for the removal of metals from solution, Process for filtering liquors used in dry cleaning, Washing and cleaning products with reduced need for conventional chemicals, Laundry detergents and cleaners with reduced requirement for conventional chemicals, Method for removing metal contaminants from a metal containing solution, Contaminant separating method using a modified palygorskite clay sorbent, Adsorption of chlorinated phenols from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified pillared clays, Process for the preparation of synthetic zeolites, and zeolites obtained by said process, The removal of heavy metals, especially lead, from aqueous systems containing competing ions utilizing amorphous tin and titanium silicates, Adsorption of benzoic acid and hydroquinone by organically modified bentonites, Adsorption of tannic acid from aqueous solution onto chitosan/NaOH/fly ash composites: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and modeling, Adsorption of atrazine, hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine onto Fe (III) polyhydroxy cations intercalated vermiculite and montmorillonite, Solid bleaching composition for edible oils, Selective adsorption of organic material from water by modified clays, Method for separating proteins from a liquid medium, Silicate treatment of molecular sieve agglomerates, Process of modifying the porosity of aluminosilicates and silicas, and mesoporous compositions derived therefrom, Composition for the clarification of sugar-bearing juices and related products, Protonation of Organic Bases in ClayWater Systems, Composition, and method for the clarification of sugar-bearing juices, and related products, Zeolite containing cation exchangers, methods for preparation, and use, Sorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol onto organobentonites: influence of organic cation structure and bentonite layer charge, Molecular sieve sorbents bonded with ion-exchanged clay, Deagglomeration of porous siliceous crystalline materials. attapulgite A small amount (4% or less) added to porcelain material improves the molding characteristics and improves the strength. The lower temperature calcination gives rise to an attapulgite having volatile matter of about 10% and a free moisture content of about 6% and is called an RVM-grade clay. The filter cake was washed twice more by reslurrying in 200 ml. This solution was sprayed onto 500 g. of the same attapulgite as in Example 1. Reference is made to R. J. Martin et al "SELECTION CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL ACTIVATED CARBONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT", Abstract from American Chemical Society, 178th National Meeting, Washington, D.C., Sept. 9-14, 1979. The filter cake was reslurried in 100 ml. Hassler, Purification with Activated Carbon, Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., NY, 52-62. It should be mentioned here that many other commercially available quaternary ammonium surfactants may give similar results. No.

For example, fuller's earth has been a known purifying agent and decolorizer for fats and oils since antiquity. 3,234,003 to Sawyer et al. The following quaternary ammonium salts have been discovered to have utility in practice of the invention, trade names being indicated where appropriate: tallowammonium acetate (ArmacT), cocotrimethylammonium chloride (Adogen461), tallow trimethylammonium chloride (ArquadT-50), trimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (Arquad 16-50), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (VariquatB-200), dimethyl dicocoammonium chloride (Arquad 2C-75), dimethyldi(hydrogenated tallow)ammonium chloride (Arquad 2HT-75), methyl-tri(C. One skilled in the art may determine by routine experimentation which quaternary ammonium salts are the most effective in a given application and what loading levels are optimum. In general liquids may be contacted for a time sufficient to remove all or most of the contaminant. Attapulgite can be purified by using wet process beneficiation techniques so that impurities such as quartz, calcite, and dolomite can be removed. solution) and had an overall brownish hue. It is recognized in the art that a clear distinction between a granular size and a powder may not be made precisely. The preferred non-gelling grade mineral used in practice of my invention is a calcined attapulgite clay, also known as Attapulgus clay or Georgia-Florida fuller's earth, which is composed principally of the mineral attapulgite, but which also may contain significant amounts of mineral impurities such as montmorillonite, quartz (silica) and feldspar, and in some cases sepiolite. This corresponded to 68.6 meq.

The product was found to contain 12.1% carbon corresponding to 24 millimoles of surfactant/100 g. treated clay, or 48 meq. In treating aqueous systems for removal of contaminants, various grades of activated carbon or bone char impregnated with activated carbon have been widely used. In general, it may be said that attapulgite calcined to a V.M. Reference is made to W. S. W. McCarter et al, "THERMAL ACTIVATION OF ATTAPULGUS CLAY", Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. surfactant/100 g. treated clay. None of the above-mentioned references teaches either heat-treated non-gelling grades of attapulgite or non-gelling grades of smectite clays modified by ion exchange with an organic-substituted quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound or the use thereof in purification of liquids, especially aqueous liquids.

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