The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Its base price was $6,500. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. Survey of Operating Systems Chapter #1 Flashcards | Quizlet The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. server. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. Description. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. true. Xerox wasnt interested. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. Microsoft Apps The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. C. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Quizlet ch3.pdf - 3/21/2021 Chapter 3: Computer Hardware Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The micro has to have a real . Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. 2. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . Invention of the PC - HISTORY The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. Spreadsheet True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Microsoft MS-DOS early source code - CHM During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. D. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. True/False B. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Linux - Wikipedia Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. The line was discontinued less than two years later. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. Term. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. . The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. 1951. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? Micral Computer: Everything You Need To Know Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? spreadsheet program The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Which Software Was The First Available For Microcomputers? It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage.