Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. Poli 220 Mid Term II Review Flashcards | Quizlet Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Democratic legitimacy. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. Descriptive Vs Inferential Statistics: Which Is Better & Why References. Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. 17 Advantages and Disadvantages of Experimental Research - ConnectUS Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. 2. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. . Highlight the major advantages and disadvantages of the product, process, strategy, idea, etc. PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. Your email address will not be published. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. The more people feel less repressed by the authority the more they feel like they can speak and actual have their voices heard. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. PDF Constituents' Responses to Descriptive and Substantive Representation Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. Conclusion. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. Sociologist. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. Descriptive representation is a way of thinking about representation in which it is thought to be important that representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. Walby, S. (2011). In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. It is complicated: One of the major draw back of this system is that it is too confusing. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. The importance of descriptive representation in regards to minorities has been the subject of many debates in the past. How Gender Composition and Decision Rules Affect Deliberation Tali Mendelberg Princeton University Christopher F. Karpowitz Brigham Young University Nicholas Goedert Washington University in St. Louis Does low descriptive representation inhibit substantive representation for women in deliberating groups? descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. Pros of Representative Democracy. The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. Congress is also overwhelmingly Christian. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Apart from it, if you've collected data on multiple variables, you can use the Bivariate or Multivariate descriptive statistics to study . Oxford: Polity Press. There are many time restrictions that are placed on research methods. Descriptive Representation: Factors that Contribute to the Underrepresentation of Hispanic-Americans in The U.S. House of Representatives According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hispanic population in the United States is fifty-four million. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Horizontal Communication Additionally, how much does the ethnic composition of a district affect the chances that a Latino candidate will be elected in a given district? (2005). Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The Pros And Cons Of Using Clicker. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mansbridge, J. Sex and social justice. thanked the writer. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. The point of this chapter is neither to define the threshold level of effective state feminism nor to argue that state feminism actually delivers better than descriptive representation. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. A contingent yes. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. It might be helpful to take a longer-term perspective here: rather than focusing on the absence of particular (small) groups in society in any given legislature, focus on persistent exclusion over several legislatures. (Eds.). Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. The flexibility of purposive sampling allows researchers to . AP gov chapter 11 terms Flashcards - Questions and Answers - Quizlet Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. (1996). Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Implicit Standards for Evaluating Representatives . This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). . Morone, J. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. Thirdly, descriptive research is less expensive and time consuming. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. I didnt have an opinion when surveys asked if I felt that I wasn't being treated equally to my fellow American classmate with all the same qualities I held. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description - Helping Writers Become Authors Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio Pros. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. 1. Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Towards a European union gender equality index. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. However, they no longer go gentle into that goodnight. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Race itself was never something I viewed another, in the way women are portrayed in modern culture and society. (DOC) Discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and Top Advantages & Disadvantages of Reservation System in India A political-philosophical exchange. European Journal of Political Research, 32, 1852010. These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. This process allows you to understand that specific set of observations. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: How to Analyze Your Data Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress, Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Congress, Formal Approaches to the Study of Congress, Touching the Bones: Interviewing and Direct Observational Studies of Congress, Historical Approaches to the Study of Congress: Toward a Congressional Vantage on American Political Development, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Theories of representation and the link between descriptive and substantive representation, Descriptive representation and the constituentrepresentative link, Descriptive representation and substantive representation of group interests, Voting behavior and representation of minority interests, Beyond voting behavior: Exploring the link between descriptive and substantive representation throughout the legislative process, Descriptive representatives and vigorous advocacy for group interests, The importance of institutional and partisan dynamics, Critical mass and institutional influence on descriptive representation, Critical mass and institutional power in congress, Leadership differences in substance and style, Congressional Institutions and Procedures, Managing Plenary Time: The U.S. Congress in Comparative Context, The Ties That Bind: Coalitions in Congress, The Development of Congressional Elections, The Development of the Congressional Committee System, Sectionalism and Congressional Development, Congress and the Executive Branch: Delegation and Presidential Dominance, The Amorphous Relationship between Congress and the Courts, Reflections on the Study of Congress 19692009, ' Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests', in George C. 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Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. London: Routledge. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. Mansbridge, J. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Norris, P., & Franklin, M. (1997). The Journal of Politics, 64(4), 11531174. Descriptive Representation In The United States - 461 Words | Bartleby so that you can track your progress. Pitkin, H. F. (1972). A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Fraser, N. (2003). (2001). Signs, 19(3), 630657. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero It is also known as the linear sequential model. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. in or register, Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? For discussions of gender quotas in corporate boards, see, for example, Engelstad and Teigen (2012). In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The descriptive representation of gender: An anti-essentialist argument. 1. Pros of Representative Democracy. Minow, M. (1991). Guinier, L. (1994). For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Young, I. M. (1990). 7. In 1971, to better represent their interests, these representatives founded the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), an organization that grew out of a Democratic select committee formed in 1969. And bear in mind that representatives act on behalf of groups not directly included in decision-making so we should also focus on the representation of interests (though this is much harder to do than simply counting, of course). In our current system, voters are given one vote to . The future of feminism. Cons are arguments against it. Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Barry, B. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. Phillips, A. It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. (2004). Citing Literature. terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and Required fields are marked *. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. 2. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of $\endgroup . Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. Rawls, J. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com 8. Fraser, N. (2013). Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. Register or login to make commenting easier. Is the ideal of deliberative democracy coherent? Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto While descriptive statistics describe data, inferential statistics allows you to make predictions from data. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. 14 Crucial Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2. Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. The affirmative action controversy. Race has been a long-standing and stubborn dividing line in local, state, and national politics in the United States (Rogers 6). The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. Or at least, that's one theory. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . Secondly, response rate is low in this research. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Williams, M. S. (1998). 3. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2). New York: Oxford University Press. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School In the 2012 general election, 80 percent of the candidates endorsed by EMILYs List won a seat. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. (Eds. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. PDF Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress: Evidence from Journal of Political Philosophy, 12(1), 119. People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils A main aspect of marginalization. Cambridge: Polity Press. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. 3. Return to Figure. Rawls, J. The pros and cons of descriptive research analysis. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Explaining Ethnic Minority Preferences in Bulgarian Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Politics at the Intersection: A Cross-National Analysis of Minority Women's Legislative Representation, Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence, Womens Representation via Parliamentary Questions (with Sven Schiltz), Regendering party politics: An introduction, Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation, THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION IN AUSTRALIA, Voting Locally Abstaining Nationally: Descriptive Representation, Substantive Representation and Minority Voters Turnout, Activating Human Rights and Peace: Universal Responsibility Conference 2008 Conference Proceedings, Personal Attributes and Latino Voting Behavior in Congress, Between Science and Engineering: Reflections on the APSA Presidential Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance.
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