4 0 obj %PDF-1.5 of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. Federalism in India. /F6 21 0 R Power Sharing Formula /Width 371 This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. 3. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. /F7 24 0 R politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. /Resources << He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf He rejects the assertion that Hon. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. /Length 14727 In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. >> As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. stream Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. History of federal system of government in nigeria. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. However, that is not so in a federal government system. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Nigeria. Asst. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. /BitsPerComponent 8 Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . ff>qsfN? % The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Required fields are marked *. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. /F1 6 0 R The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. /Contents 4 0 R Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in 3 0 obj Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. by the federal or any state government. /Parent 2 0 R Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Federalism in Nigeria. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. /Filter /DCTDecode w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. << Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. . The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. It is our pleasure. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. /F5 18 0 R This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. /Type /Page One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Population of the country In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Rt. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes Your email address will not be published. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. >> What is federalism? Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. /Length 3884 Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. . If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus.
Osha Approved Eyeglasses,
Bare Child Model Portals,
Articles R