Silesian itself appears to be a macrolanguage as it is more than one language since as Opole Silesian speakers cannot understand Katowice Silesian, so Opole Silesian and Katowice Silesian are two different languages. Communication about such things is significantly impaired at this level. If youre learning multiple languages at once, pairing similar languages is a great way to maximize your studying. It all adds up, man. Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. Polish and Russian while Slavic sounding to my ear and is maybe 5%-15% intelligible . However, you do say later in the text that Kajkavian differs from the other Slavic lects spoken in Croatia in that is has many Hungarian and German loans (Jembrigh 2014). Both me and her had a much easier time following the Rusyn dialects than standard Ukrainian (although they were by no means completely comprehensible). However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. Because so many Slavic languages are national languages, they tend to have pretty big populations. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Im pretty sure things are identical in Belarus, if not worse afaik knowledge of Belarusian there is not too widespread in the first place. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. 5. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. Personal communication. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. The Bulgarian language is the earliest written record Slavic language. Spoken Bulgarian is very difficult to understand for other Slavs due to phonology and unique syllable stress. Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . He was a member of a group of linguists who met periodically to discuss the field. This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. All foreign movies in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia are translated into Czech, not Slovak. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. Russian speakers are also likely to understand some Bulgarian, along with other Slavic languages to a lesser extent. Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. Three different methods were used: a word translation task, a cloze test and a picture task. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Is Bulgarian Similar to Russian? A Side-by-Side Comparison However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. In addition, the two groups have different cultural norms and values. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. This is simply reality in Serbia today. When you find out it is a separate language, you ask for %, and they often tell you! Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. Ponaszymu also has many Germanisms which have been falling out of use lately, replaced by their Czech equivalents. Albeit, Scots dialect is far more pronounced than English, and at times, can be unintelligible. So you believe the 9/11 narrative? Yes of course. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . 4. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. BR, A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. However, leaving aside Kajkavian speakers, Croatians have poor intelligibility of Slovenian. Was he from Belgrade or Novi Sad or Nis? I can illustrate it on the video posted above Vojnata vo Bosna. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. Its specific czech and many foreiner has problem spelling it. If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. I thought this is Croatia! An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. Lach is a Czech-Polish transitional lect with a close relationship with Cieszyn Silesian. I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. You also have these words? Polish ~ Kashubian . Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) But I can tell you this. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: The historical development is characterized by four main periods. Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . There is much nonsense floating around about Serbo-Croatian or Shtokavian. There are new scientific figures for Czech-Slovak, Czech-Serbo-Croatian and Czech-Bulgarian. I put it to Google translator and I got this: Eastern Slovak may have 72% intelligibility of Ukrainian. However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. From his own words it is possible to conclude that mutual inteligibility between czech and slovak is very high, and Ive heard from young czechs that they still can understand slovak with no effort. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. . Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. Just search for alternative Croatian or kaikavian lessons and you will find me, along witht he contact information. It is no surprise that Ukrainian (and to a smaller extent) Belarusian have tons of Polish words, and are therefore more lexically similar to Polish than to Russian. Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian I got that figure from a Serb. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Rural variations are usually less mutually intelligible. . Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Regarding Polish and Russian there are many words with opposite meaning. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. With this, off I go to sleep. At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian have 10-15% oral intelligibility, however, there are Bulgarian dialects that are transitional with Torlak Serbian. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? Also sorry for my English. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. London Times, 25 September 2006 Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. Get 70% off + 10 languages + 14 day free trial. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. Ukranian: 20% Are belarusian and russian mutually intelligible? Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. . I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. And the 25% is very low. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. @jacobbauthumley My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. In contrast, there is often significant intelligibility between different Scandinavian languages, but as each of them has its own standard form, they are classified as separate languages. I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Another similar example would be varieties of Arabic, which additionally share a single prestige variety in Modern Standard Arabic. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. Im of the Yugoslav variety by rearing, and a Serb by select bits of culture, by most of my native language and by all of where my tax money goes. Even the most common, most simple words sound alien in spoken Bulgarian, VODA(WATER) is pronounced ,VODA . Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. (Download). Russia) in Canada, and they barely can understand standard Ukrainian. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. 0%. Eastern Slovak has ~80% intelligibility of Rusyn. However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. Grammar is almost identical. The Chinese language, on the other hand, is comprised of a number of dialects that arent always mutually intelligible. Go back to your kennel. Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. 5%? To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. 8. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written Regular speech is generally quite fast. The diffete. PDF Mutual Intelligibility Among the Slavic Languages Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility - UniLang How to explain that? Interesting article Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). Russian and Ukrainian: Are They Really the Same Language? Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently.
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